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To begin, you need to determine which type of abstract you should include with your paper. There are four general types. A critical abstract provides, in addition to describing main findings and information, a judgment or comment about the study’s validity, reliability, or completeness. The researcher evaluates the paper and often compares it with other works on the same subject. Temperature's Effect On The Fermentation Of Yeast are generally 400-500 words in length due to the additional interpretive commentary. These types of abstracts are used infrequently. A descriptive abstract indicates the type of information found in the work. It makes no judgments about the work, nor does it provide results or conclusions of the research. It does incorporate key words found in the text and may include the purpose, methods, and scope of the research. Essentially, the descriptive abstract only describes the work being summarized. Some researchers consider it an outline of the work, rather than a summary. Descriptive abstracts are usually very short, 100 words or less.

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PhD & Master Thesis Abstract of abstracts are informative. While they still do not critique or evaluate a work, they do more than describe it. A good informative abstract acts as a surrogate for the work itself. That is, the researcher presents and explains all the main arguments and the important results and evidence in the paper. The length varies according to discipline, but an informative abstract is usually no more than 300 words in length. A highlight abstract is specifically written to attract the reader’s attention to the study. No pretense is made of there being either a balanced or complete picture of the paper and, in fact, incomplete and leading remarks may be used to spark the reader’s interest. In that a highlight abstract cannot stand independent of its associated article, it is not a true abstract and, therefore, rarely used in academic writing. Use the active voice when possible, but note that much of your abstract may require passive sentence constructions. Content was created with Essay Freelance Writers!

Regardless, write your abstract using concise, but complete, sentences. Get to the point quickly and always use the past tense because you are reporting on a study that has been completed. Abstracts should be formatted as a single paragraph in a block format and with no paragraph indentations. In most cases, the abstract page immediately follows the title page. Do not number the page. Rules set forth in writing manual vary but, in general, you should center the word "Abstract" at the top of the page with double spacing between the heading and the abstract. The final sentences of an abstract concisely summarize your study’s conclusions, implications, or applications to practice and, if appropriate, can be followed by a statement about the need for additional research revealed from the findings. Although it is the first section of your paper, the abstract should be written last since it will summarize the contents of your entire paper. A good strategy to begin composing your abstract is to take whole sentences or key phrases from each section of the paper and put them in a sequence that summarizes the contents.

Then revise or add connecting phrases or words to make the narrative flow clearly and smoothly. Before handing in your final paper, check to make sure that the information in the abstract completely agrees with what you have written in the paper. Think of the abstract as a sequential set of complete sentences describing the most crucial information using the fewest necessary words. Any sort of image, illustration, figure, or table, or references to them. Abstract. Writing Center. University of Kansas; Abstract. The Structure, Format, Content, and Style of a Journal-Style Scientific Paper. Department of Biology. Bates College; Abstracts. The Writing Center. University of North Carolina; Borko, Harold and Seymour Chatman. American Documentation 14 (April 1963): 149-160; Abstracts. The Writer’s Handbook. Writing First Year At TLU: My First Lab Report At Tlu . University of Wisconsin, Madison; Hartley, James and Lucy Betts. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 60 (October 2009): 2010-2018; Procter, Margaret. The Abstract. University College Writing Centre. University of Toronto; Riordan, Laura. “Mastering the Art of Abstracts.” The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 115 (January 2015 ): 41-47; Writing Report Abstracts. The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University; Writing Abstracts. Writing Tutorial Services, Center for Innovative Teaching and Learning. Indiana University; Koltay, Tibor. Abstracts and Abstracting: A Genre and Set of Skills for the Twenty-First Century.

At this point, your research paper and abstract are error-free, complete, and ready for you to send them to your professor or client. Vary sentence structures to avoid choppiness. Don’t include too many long sentences one after another and avoid doing the same with short sentences as well. Use active voice whenever possible. Also, ask your professor whether it is okay to use passive voice when necessary. The research paper is a common assignment in college education, and beyond. Writing these papers usually involves creating an abstract, a brief summary or description of the subject or argument you discussed throughout the paper. Abstracts are a major source of concern for many students, but they are incredibly easy to write when you’re familiar with the steps. As seen throughout this post, the ideal way to write an abstract is to keep it concise without pumping up word count with unnecessary information. If you don`t know what about you can write - look at different research paper topics! Now you’re ready to start writing the abstracts for research papers, good luck. Don’t forget to see another guide about abstract research paper!

Abstract and Introduction are two terms used in research methodology and thesis writing between which certain differences exist. Most students tend to confuse these two as similar in nature. This, however, is a false identification. If you go through research papers, thesis, you will notice that there are two pages for the Introduction and Abstract. When going through the information provided, you will notice that an Abstract and Introduction are not actually the same and that they function for two different purposes. First let u s start off with an understanding of the two terms. Simply an Abstract is a short form of the thesis or research, which allows the reader to comprehend the crux of the research findings. However, the function of the Introduction is quite different. It provides the necessary backdrop for the reader to comprehend the research. This is the main difference between the two words. Through this article let us attempt to comprehend the difference, as well as the function of an Abstract and Introduction.

What is an Abstract? First let us start off with the Abstract. An abstract, also referred as synopsis, is a short form of the final thesis. It contains the crux of the research findings. An abstract also refers to the short version of the research paper to be submitted to a conference or a seminar. Any university or an education institution that conducts a seminar asks for the Abstract of research papers to be read out by various scholars in various disciplines to be sent well in advance. This is to facilitate the publishing of the proceedings of the seminar well in advance. The purpose of writing an abstract is to let the reader know the subject matter of the research paper, in a nutshell. It contains a very brief explanation of what is found in the entire research paper. What is Honey As Medicine: Manuka Honey For Fast Natural Wound Healing ? An introduction, on the other hand, is the first chapter of a thesis or a dissertation or a book for that matter.

The purpose of an introduction is to introduce the reader to the topic of the book or the thesis. By reading or going through the introduction of a book, a reader gets an idea about the contents of the book or the content of the other chapters of the thesis. Compare The Difference Between Similar Terms gives the significance and the scope of the subject of the thesis too. It throws light on various other aspects such as the need for research on the topic, the experts on the topic, the contribution of the predecessors on the topic and the like. Unlike an Introduction, an abstract just touches the subject matter of the research paper and presents it, in a nutshell. This is the difference between abstract and introduction. This gives the idea that an Introduction and Abstract are different from one another and focus on different things. Now let us summarize the difference between the two in the following manner. What is the Difference Between an Abstract and Introduction? An Abstract is a short form of the final thesis. It contains the crux of the research findings. An introduction, on the other hand, is the first chapter of a thesis or a dissertation or a book for that matter. An Introduction provides information about the contents of the book or the content of the other chapters of the thesis. It also gives the significance and the scope of the subject of the thesis. An Abstract, however, presents the reader with the research findings in a summary, unlike in the case of an introduction which lays the foundation.

These pollens are almost always filtered out via filters in wound-treatment honey. Occasionally, a slight stinging sensation results from honey used in the eyes as a salve. Additionally, food-honeys may contain spores. For wound treatment, use gamma-irradiated honey that you can purchase, unless you need to stop a large wound in an emergency and pressure alone is not working. Use your best judgment in this decision. If the wound victim is allergic to bee stings, consult a physician before attempting to use honey on a wound. How To Write The Introduction Section In Psychology: Theses, Lab Reports, And Journal Articles is a hand item to keep on hand . Another item from the same sector of the world is Tea Tree Oil. I keep a bottle of this in the hosue at all times. It medicinal properties include in toothpastes and mouth rinses, as well as the relief of aches and pains in topical applications. 0 of 8192 characters usedPost CommentNo HTML is allowed in comments, but URLs will be hyperlinked.

Comments are not for promoting your articles or other sites. Thanks for reading and commenting! I hope you enjoy a variety of flavors of hiney as well as healing properties. Another amazing Hub Patty! I only started liking honey a few years ago, but now I see that it has more applications than just a sweetener. I will definitely be keeping some honey on hand in case of emergency! Voted up and shared! Medical grade honey is now being used by our local Mobile Wound Healing Units connected with hospitals. Interesting hub, very useful! Thanks for all the great comments, and congratulations to all of you that have healing come out of the info! I have to say something that is a miracle for me,it work's on me honey on wound,its just another treatment for me,wow..I should tell people about this,I was with infected sore wound on my left leg that makes me very nevers and not walkin for long years and as well I was very ill,I looked this up on the internet and I make it myself,so I have good report..

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The USA has been looking into the possibility of using honey more frequently for the treatment of wounds. However, New Zealand has used certain honeys as a traditional treatment for some time. Some related personal experience tells me that honey is extremely important in these two areas. My experience comes from once knowing a farmer that was hurt in the barn far from his farmhouse at the time that he cut his forearm deeply with a sickle. This farmer has been cut before and knew what to do on the farm in such accidents. He poured several pounds of sugar into the wound (he was out of honey) and doused it with kerosene, thus saving his own life. He kept turpentine, kerosene, honey, and sugar in the barn for first aide purposes as well as for fuel of the machine and human kind. Several reports of honey in successful wound management include controlled studies showing quick clearance of infection by the antibacterial effects of the honey.

Honey examined has to slow-release hydrogen peroxide to fight infections (additional actions of honey operate toward this end as well). The researchers at Waikato and elsewhere have learned that in ancient times, physicians recognized the different types of honey had specialty treatment properties, some being best suited for wound treatment. Honey As Medicine: Manuka Honey For Fast Natural Wound Healing include types for eye salves, skin ointments, and burn treatments. It turns out that sugar does, in fact, clear away infections, but sugar dressings must be changed more frequently than do honey dressings. The farmer of old was right and telling the truth, so it seems. In America, honey is being used to treat chronic wounds of the diabetic, elderly, and other patients. Honey is thick enough to protect wounds while they heal and is antibacterial as well. Honey uses natural body-produced fluids for moisture in the wound for healing. In addition, it does not irate skins as antibiotics are prone so to do. For wound treatment, unpasteurized honey is best and should be kept in a cool place, protected from light - a cool pantry or even a cool closet or basement is fine.

Mankua Honey is the best honey in New Zealand known for treating and curing wounds, according to Waikato University. It is collected from manuka bushes that grow wild. One additional similar honey was found only in very limited parts of Australia, growing wild. In New Zealand, "active manuka honey" and the small amount of the related Australian variety available is the only honey on the NZ market that has been tested for antibacterial action. Specifically, PhD & Master Thesis Abstract contains an additional antibacterial factor found only in honey produced via Leptospermum plants and this has been named Unique Manuka Factor or UMF. Together, the two antibacterial factors may produce a positive synergistic action (towards healing) greater than either of the two alone. All this gives hope to the chronic diabetes patient that suffers non-healing wounds and/or large water blisters on the lower extremities. In 3 Ways To Write An Engineering Abstract - WikiHow of the USA, the need has arisen for specialized wound-healing treatment centers, and even mobile wound treatment vans, because some of these patients can no longer walk, because of their wounds.

Honey may also be effective for treating bed sores, rashes, and perhaps even (and hopefully) the lesions suffered by some AIDS patients. Perfect pads for applying honey. 1. Wash the wound with sterile water or saline. Spread the honey on a thick or multi-layered cotton-gauze pad, not on the wound itself, because this is more efficient. In New Zealand, you can purchase ready-soaked honey pads - cut them a bit larger than the wound area for complete treatment. The more fluids are oozing from the wound, the more honey you need to use and the more often you must change the dressings. Dilution of the honey kills its effectiveness. In the UK, Activon Tulle pads are available. 2. For most wounds, use about 1 ounce of honey on a 4" X 4" gauze dressing pad. If you use a 8" x 8" pad, you will need at least 4 oz. of honey. Content has been created by Essay Writersversion!

WHAT IS AN ABSTRACT? An abstract is a brief summary of the most important points in a scientific paper. Abstracts enable professionals to stay current with the huge volume of scientific literature. Students have misconceptions about the nature of abstracts that may be described as the “table of contents” or “introduction” syndromes. There are several ways to tell if you’ve written an abstract or not. It has been observed that the quantity of our scientific knowledge increases at an exponential rate. How is it possible for scientists, students or anyone to keep up with this increase? If a sedimentologist, for example, were to read every paper published in a single year in the Journal of Sedimentary Research, Sedimentology, Sedimentary Geology, Geology, the GSA Bulletin, the AAPG Bulletin, etc. she or he would have no time to conduct any research! Abstracts are crucial components in the battle to keep abreast of one’s field.

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If you examine any paper in a professional journal, such as the GSA Bulletin, and you will see that each paper begins with an abstract. So, what is an abstract? An abstract is a brief synopsis or summary of the most important points that the author makes in the paper. It is a highly condensed version of the paper itself. After reading the abstract, the reader knows the main points that the authors have to make. The reader can then evaluate the significance of the paper and then decide whether or not she or he wishes to read the full paper. If one elects to read the full paper, further detail is given about each of the significant topics, but no new topics of importance are introduced. If one decides not to read the paper, that decision is based on a knowledge of the paper’s content. Although Learn The 'Write Tips' For College Writing Assignments appears first in a paper, it is generally the last part written. Only after the paper has been completed can the authors decide what should be in the abstract and what parts are supporting detail.

Student misconceptions abound on the nature of abstracts. Perhaps the two most common misconceptions are that the abstract is a table of contents or an introduction. An abstract is neither of these. Just because it appears first in a paper does not mean that it is an integral part of the paper. How To Write An Abstract For Final Year Project - Project Topics should be able to stand alone. ”, etc.. If what How To Write The Introduction Section In Psychology: Theses, Lab Reports, And Journal Articles have written includes such statements, chances are you have not written an abstract. The “introduction” misconception is also common. How can you tell if what you have written is an abstract or not? Ask yourself the following questions: Does my abstract summarize all the most important points in my paper? If someone reads my abstract will they get all the main points that I want to make in the paper? Does my abstract stand alone or does it lead to other parts of the paper? If the latter is true, chances are good that you have not written an abstract. An abstract is a critical part of a scientific paper. It summarizes the most significant points in the paper. By doing so, it enables the reader to evaluate the nature and significance of the work and therefore decide whether or not to read the whole paper. This article has been done by https://essayfreelancewriters.com.

Predictions based on presence or absence are typically tested against using two sided significance tests getting the extremity of the data given assuming a null hypothesis. Similarly directional hypotheses can be evaluated by one-sided tests. A written prediction may apply to a single result or to a grouped set of results. Grouped results are common where variables can be grouped into sets and the same prediction applies to various combinations of the sets. As an example of a grouped hypothesis, Ackerman and Wolman (2007, p.61) wrote "mean self-estimates of abilities will decline from pretest to posttest assessment". Their study included four different types of self-estimates of ability. Because the nature of the prediction was the same for all four variables, the hypotheses could be grouped. Grouped predictions have the benefit of being concise. A mapping between one set of variables and another set: e.g., when five personality variables are measured both using self-report and other report, the prediction is that self-report and other-report versions of the same variable will correlate more highly than other combinations of the variables. This data was written with Essay Writers.

A research paper is more than a summary of a topic with credible sources, it is an expanded essay that presents a writer’s interpretation and evaluation or argument. The purpose of writing this paper is to analyze a perspective or argue a point thus demonstrating your knowledge, writing and vocabulary skills, and ability to do a great research on a given topic. Sometimes, your professor may ask for an abstract along with a research paper. Although abstracts are relatively short, many students find them confusing. You also need to write abstracts if your work revolves around carrying out research or other investigative processes. Writing process is easier than you think, keep reading to see how to complete this task. Also, you can find ideas on the topics of a phychology research paper. Let our team of professionals take care of your paper for you! What is an abstract? In order to write one, you have to know what abstracts are exactly. Well, an abstract is defined as a concise summary of a larger project; it describes the content and scope of the project while identifying objective, methodology, findings, and conclusion.

How To Write An Abstract For Final Year Project - Project Topics of an abstract is to summarize the major aspects of a argumentative essay or paper, but it is important to bear in mind they are descriptions of your project, not the topic in general. Basically, you use abstract to describe what specifically you are doing, not the topic your project is based upon. For example, if your research paper is about the bribe, the abstract is about survey or investigation you carry out about the prevalence of bribe, how people are likely to offer it to someone, do people take bribe etc. In this case, the abstract is not about the bribe itself, its definition, why people do it, and other related things. If you don` know, what the research work should look like - look at the example of a research paper. Edusson can write your paper. Critical abstract - describes main information and findings while providing a comment or judgment about the study’s reliability, validity, and completeness. This data was written with the help of Essay Writers.

Informative abstract - most common type of abstracts, the researcher explains and presents the main arguments and most important results. Even though there are Motivation: How To Move Beyond Square One of abstracts, one thing is in common for all of them - they contain the same elements i.e. four types of information presented to the reader. Objective or the main rationale of the project introduces readers with the research you carried out. This section accounts for the first few sentences of the abstract and announces the problem you set out to solve or the issue you have explored. The objective can also explain a writer’s motivation for the project. Once the objective is described, it’s time to move to the next section - methods. Here, a writer explains how he/she decided to solve a problem or explore some issue i.e. methods or steps they used to get the answers. In First Year At TLU: My First Lab Report At Tlu , regardless of the field or subject, methods section serves to identify any process you used to reach the results and conclusions. Connect with a professional writer in 5 simple steps. What's the area of study of your paper?

How many pages do you need? When is it due? This section is self-explanatory; your goal is to list the outcomes or results of the research. If the research isn’t complete yet, you can include preliminary results or theory about the potential outcome. Just like in every other work, the conclusion is the sentence or two wherein you summarize everything you’ve written above. In the abstract, a writer concludes or summarizes the results. When writing the conclusion, think of the question “what do these results mean”, and try to answer it in this section. NOTE: More extensive research papers can also include a brief introduction before objective section. The introduction features one-two sentences that act as a basis or foundation for the objective. A vast majority of abstracts simply skip this section. A common mistake regarding abstracts is writing them the same way you would write the rest of a research paper. Besides some elements that your abstract has to contain, there are some things you should avoid. Now that you know what the abstract is, elements it should contain and what to avoid, you are ready to start writing.

This post discusses the topic of predictions in psychological research. The main aim of the post is to provide assistance to researchers who are in the process of writing their predictions in a thesis, lab report, or journal article. The four goals of science are sometimes defined as description, prediction, explanation and control. The scientific imagination often leads to questions like: "I wonder what would happen if we did this?" or "I wonder what is the state of the world?" If our domain-specific knowledge is good we should be able to make accurate predictions. If the phenomena is unpredictable, we should be able to predict properties of the randomness. Prediction serves several purposes. Predictions have various properties. Predictions answer questions about the state of the world. Scientific predictions should be justified. Predictions should have a rationale. The rationale explains why the prediction is made. One type of rationale aims to show why a prediction is accurate. If the prediction is based on theory, evidence may be led about the prior predictive success of the theory and the relevance of the theory to the present circumstances.

If the prediction is based on analogy to previous research, evidence may be led about the results of the previous research and the similarities with the present study. A second type of rationale aims to show that the prediction is consistent with assumptions. In particular, if a theory is used to justify a prediction, the relationship between the theory and the predictions need to be clearly and logically articulated. The source of the rationale for a prediction can come from many sources. Common sources include: theory; simulation, common sense; personal belief; hunch; and prior empirical findings. In some settings specific quantitative models can be used to make predictions. For example, in cognitive psychology cognitive architectures such as ACT-R can be used to generate quantitative predictions. A prediction answers a question. Answering questions is the basis of expanding knowledge and represents a common aim of empirical reports. For example, a prediction that the relationship between practice and performance follows a power function is a potential answer to several questions.

At the simplest level, it could be rephrased as "is the relationship between practice and performance described well by a power function?" More broadly it could be expressed as "what is the relationship between practice and performance?". Thus, the scientific method of reporting results reiterates ideas through the process of aims, questions, predictions, results, and conclusions. The relationship between the prediction and the nature of the belief can vary. Typically, predictions are presented in such a way that the writing suggests that the researcher finds the prediction plausible. However, researchers can present predictions which they do not believe. A researcher can say that a particular theory would make a given prediction, but that they themselves believe something else. Even when researchers make a prediction that they find persuasive, their strength of belief can vary. This should vary based on the strength of the available evidence. Any prediction leading to an experiment suggests uncertainty. Because if the outcome of the experiment does not have the potential to alter your beliefs, then there is no point in doing it. This content has been created with Essay Writersversion.

And such potential suggests uncertainty. Predictions can be distinguished in various ways. Predictions can be expressed at various levels of generality. Operational predictions refer to predictions made in a specific study when the measurements of particular constructs has been set out. Abstract predictions do not specify one or more of the following: context, design, task, types of participant, or measurement approach. For example, the idea that practice improves performance places no explicit limits on how performance is measured, what the task is, who is learning, or what constitutes practice. In general, theories make abstract predictions. These predictions then need to be operationalised using the specific measurement procedure used in the study. The benefits of abstraction is that it reflects a claim of generalisation. The negative side of abstraction is that it introduces ambiguity as researchers differ in their interpretation or in what operationalisations are appropriate. Predictions differ in the degree to which they place constraints on allowable outcomes.

A final year project is more than a summary of a topic with credible sources, it is an expanded essay that presents a writer’s interpretation and evaluation or argument. The purpose of writing this project is to analyse a perspective or argue a point thus demonstrating your knowledge, writing and vocabulary skills, and ability to do a great research on a given topic. Sometimes, WRITTEN REPORT GUIDELINES may ask for an abstract along with a research paper. Although abstracts are relatively short, many students find them confusing. You also need to write abstracts if your work revolves around carrying out research or other investigative processes. Writing process is easier than you think, keep reading to see how to complete this task. Also, you can find ideas on the topics of a psychology research paper. What is an abstract? What is Overview Of APA Format ? In order to write one, you have to know what abstracts are exactly.

Well, an abstract is defined as a concise summary of a larger project; it describes the content and scope of the project while identifying objective, methodology, findings, and conclusion. The purpose of an abstract is to summarize the major aspects of a research essay or paper, but it is important to bear in mind they are descriptions of your project, not the topic in general. Basically, you use abstract to describe what specifically you are doing, not the topic your project is based upon. For example, if your research paper is about the bribe, the abstract is about survey or investigation you carry out about the prevalence of bribe, how people are likely to offer it to someone, do people take bribe etc. In this case, the abstract is not about the bribe itself, its definition, why people do it, and other related things. If you don’t` know, what the research work should look like - look at the example of a research paper. Critical abstract - describes main information and findings while providing a comment or judgment about the study’s reliability, validity, and completeness.

Informative abstract - most common type of abstracts, the researcher explains and presents the main arguments and most important results. Even though there are different types of abstracts, one thing is in common for all of them - they contain the same elements i.e. four types of information presented to the reader. Objective or the main rationale of the project introduces readers with the research you carried out. This section accounts for the first few sentences of the abstract and announces the problem you set out to solve or the issue you have explored. The objective can also explain a writer’s motivation for the project. Once PhD & Master Thesis Abstract is described, it’s time to move to the next section - methods. Here, a writer explains how he/she decided to solve a problem or explore some issue i.e. methods or steps they used to get the answers. In other words, regardless of the field or subject, methods section serves to identify any process you used to reach the results and conclusions.

This section is self-explanatory; your goal is to list the outcomes or results of the research. If the research isn’t complete yet, you can include preliminary results or theory about the potential outcome. Just like in every other work, the conclusion is the sentence or two wherein you summarize everything you’ve written above. In the abstract, a writer concludes or summarizes the results. When writing the conclusion, think of the question “what do these results mean”, and try to answer it in this section. NOTE: More extensive research papers can also include a brief introduction before objective section. The introduction features one-two sentences that act as a basis or foundation for the objective. A vast majority of abstracts simply skip this section. A common mistake regarding abstracts is writing them the same way you would write the rest of a research paper. Besides some elements that your abstract has to contain, there are some things you should avoid. Now that you know what the abstract is, elements it should contain and what to avoid, you are ready to start writing. This content was written with the help of Essay Writers.

In this lab, my partner and I observed the behavior of pill bugs. Our objective was to determine what type of environment they prefer living in. We did this by collecting 10 pill bugs and placing them in what is a called a choice chamber, a "tool" that allowed the pill bugs to move freely and choose between two different environments. Each side of the chamber had something different done to it, creating two different "environments." By recording the number of pill bugs on each side every so often, we were able to observe and determine which environment the pill bugs preferred. Behavior can be defined as the way an animal or person responds to a certain situation. For an animal, behavior is the way it interacts with other animals, with other living beings, and with the environment. Animal behavior explores how animals find and defend resources, avoid predators, choose mates, reproduce, and care for their young. Questions about animal behavior fall into four different categories, two of them being proximate issues and ultimate issues. For help with essay, please contact https://essayfreelancewriters.com.

A proximate question asks how an animal knows to behave in a certain way, and an ultimate question asks why an animal behaves in a certain way. Something very common in animal behavior is fixed action pattern. In other words, they're instincts. An animal is triggered by a specific stimulus, causing it to go through a routine every time. An example of a fixed action pattern is the egg rolling behavior of a Greylag Goose. When a goose's egg rolls out of the nest, the goose instinctively begins to roll the egg back to the nest using a repeated movement with her beak and neck. If, while the goose is still rolling the egg back to the nest, the egg rolls away or someone takes it away, the goose will continue the movements without the egg until she has gotten back to the nest. The, the goose will relocate the egg and start again.

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Imprinting is another part of animal behavior, and no it's not how when Jacob imprinted on Bella's daughter (yes, I read Twilight, don't judge me). It is when a young animal comes to recognize another animal, person, or thing as a parent. For young geese, the proximate cause for them following and imprinting on their mother is that during an early stage in their lives, the young geese see their mother moving away from them and calling them, so they instinctively follow. The ultimate cause is that geese that follow and imprint on their mother receive more care and learn more necessary skills; therefore, they have a greater chance of surviving than those geese that do not follow their mother. Orientation behaviors, an element of animal behavior, place the animal in its most favorable environment. These behaviors include movements known as taxis and kenisis. In taxis, the animal moves toward or away from a stimulus, such as algae moves towards the directional stimulus of light in positive phototaxis as it needs light to photosynthesis. Taxis often occurs when the stimulus is light, heat, sound, or chemicals.

Kinesis, on the other hand, is a random movement that does not result in orientation with respect to a stimulus. In other words, when an organism experiences unpleasant stimulus, they increase random movement in order to find an area of more pleasant stimulus. For example, when woodlice are in light, dry conditions (unpleasant), they increase random movement so that they may increase the chance of them finding dark, moist conditions. Two learning behaviors for animals are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Conditioning involves learning associations between events that occur in an organism's environment. Classical conditioning is a type of learning which forms an association between two stimuli. Operant conditioning is a type of learning that forms an association between a behavior and a consequence. While classical conditioning is passive on the part of the learner, operant conditioning relies on the learner to actively participate in the learning process. An experiment was done with a dog on classical conditioning by a Russian scientist known as Ivan Pavlov.

What is Writing A Method Section In Psychology: Lab Reports, Theses, Articles ? A uniformed writing style, created by the American Psychological Association (APA) that provides a consistent formatting for scholarly articles. Why Use APA Formatting? The ability to cross reference in scholarly articles is very important. The APA recommends that your title should be brief and precise. A good rule of thumb is no more than 12 words in length. APA Running Head/Page Header Required? The running head (if required) is a shortened version of your paper's title and should not exceed 50 characters. If a running head or page header is required see below for proper APA formatting. Take note that the title page running head is different then subsequent pages running headers. Think of your abstract as a complete and comprehensive summary that informs your reader of what topics and points of interest you plan to cover. This allows your reader a familiarity of terminology, topics, and theories that will be addressed throughout the paper.

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Your abstract (if required) should be page 2 of your paper. It should immediately follow your title page. The main body is considered the "meat" of your paper. This section of your paper should ask and answer whatever topic you are focused on. The main body of your paper should include any points you highlighted in your abstract as well as supporting information, sources, or any other pertinent information to address your topic. Is there a specific word count required? If so be sure you meet the minimum word count within the main body of the paper. The title page, abstract (if required), and reference page should not factor into your paper's word count. It is important to not only cite your references on your reference page (see below) but also inside you paper. In text citations allow the reader a quick cross referencing guide to where your information is coming from. Keep in mind it is MANDATORY to use what is known as a reliable source. What is a reliable source? Citation generators are a handy tool to help you learn how to cite your sources properly. However be forewarned that citation generators are capable of mistakes. Check your citations accordingly. The reference page the last page or pages of your paper. Longer works such as books and journals should appear in italics.

The first thing to bear in mind is that your abstract doesn’t need a certain “flow”. Keep in mind that abstract should be precise and concise, you don’t need to worry about making it seem bigger. Ideally, you should focus on introducing facts and making sure a reader will get the clear picture of the topic presented through your research paper. Follow these steps to create a strong, high-quality abstract. Start writing the abstract only when you complete the research paper. By the time you finish the essay writing process, you will know what to use in abstract to perfectly describe your work. Choosing to write an abstract first is highly impractical, takes ages, and it doesn’t represent the research paper adequately. For your objective and conclusion sections, you can use the most important information from introduction and conclusion section of the research paper. Rather than wasting Writing A Method Section In Psychology: Lab Reports, Theses, Articles on trying to figure out what to include, just use the important premises and summarize them into one-two sentences in the abstract. While researching or carrying out surveys for your paper, write down everything you do. Use these notes to create methods sections for the abstract.

This particular section just has to inform a reader about the process you implemented to find the answers from the objective. No need to introduce unnecessary information. What is the purpose of this research? How was the research conducted? How did I get my answers? What answers did I get? What do these results mean? When the abstract is complete, read everything you have written from top to bottom. Then, eliminate all extra information in order to keep it as concise as possible. Read How To Write The Introduction Section In Psychology: Theses, Lab Reports, And Journal Articles . Make sure there is the consistency of information presented in the abstract and in the research paper. Basically, information included in both abstract and research paper shouldn’t be different. After all, the abstract is a summary or a short description of the research paper itself. This is why you shouldn’t introduce new details into abstract as well. Once you ensure the abstract contains only relevant information and describes the research paper concisely, read it again. This time, you should look for grammar and spelling mistakes, punctuation, sentence structures, and tense consistency. Never submit the abstract (and research paper or any other type of work) without proofreading and editing first. Post has been created with Essay Writers.

I made progress on this second lab report. I’m concerned about i like being able to create a master piece with all the assignments that are given to me. School is something like a painting to me, I might not get everything right but like any master piece it is the flaws that make it unique. So the flaws in this paper I look to I’m prove. The one thing that my professor mention was that I needed embedded quotes of research this is also the same problem I was having on some of my English paper. I spend most of my time doing papers like this now. So on the next paper I believe I will knock it out of the park so here is my paper. Water flows in and out of cells in an attempt to attain a state of equilibrium. The concentration of solutes to solvent in the cells environment is the cause of the water flow. Plant and animal cells can be negatively affected or positively affected due to the concentration balance in their environment. This has been created by Essay Writers.

Potato cells were used to see the affects of sucrose in different concentrations. In some concentrations a weight change was seen in the potato. In the osmotic concentration lab potatoes were used to see the affects of different concentrations of sucrose on the weight of the potatoes. Solanum tubersum more commonly known as the potato is the fourth most important food crop in the world. It originates from South America and is now seen all over the world in different elevations and climates. The potato is not only seen as a vegetable but as an ant famine food because of its ability to grow in harsh environments and feed many people in third world nations. First Year At TLU: MY LAB REPORT ON OSMOTIC CONCENTRATION IN POTATO CELLS are full sucrose used for energy storage in plants. Sucrose is a carbohydrate or sugar found in food. How To Write An Abstract For Your Thesis Or Dissertation ’s a combination of fructose and glucose two simple sugars, making it a disaccharide. Consumers break down sucrose a disaccharide into two monosaccharide, so they can be absorbed easier and quicker into the blood.

Without being broken down sucrose is too large of a molecule to diffuse through semi permeable membrane and wouldn’t be able move in and out of cells affectively. Because potatoes have sucrose inside them a concentration gradient is present and if placed in any solution osmosis movement of water through semi permeable membranes would naturally occur. If the concentration of sucrose in the solutions is less than the concentration in the potato then the potato will gain mass and vice versa. In conducting this experiment sucrose concentrations can be used in the future to obtain a more productive potato regarding crops. Further experimentation would be needed to determine the effects. In the osmotic lab five 250ml beakers, a china marker, metric ruler, digital balance, paper towels, a knife and five bottles containing solutions 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35m of sucrose were used in the experiment. The china marker was used to label the five 250 ml beakers with the five different concentrations of sucrose 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35m. Then 100ml of each sucrose solutions were poured into their designated beaker.

A knife was used to peel the potato and then the metric ruler was used to measure five 3cm cubes. The cubes were weighed on the digital balance to the nearest tenths of a gram. The weight of each potato cube was recorded on table 7-6 under initial weight. As each mass was taken the potato cubes were placed in the solutions of sucrose where the initial mass was recorded. After letting the potatoes soak in their designated sucrose solutions they were removed and blotted lightly with the paper towels. The potatoes where then measured on the digital balance and the changes in weight were recorded on table 7-6 under final. The change in weights if any was then calculated between each individual potato’s initial and final weight. The initial weight of all five potatoes changed after soaking in the sucrose solutions. The potatoes in the .15M and .20M sucrose solutions experienced a positive gain in weight; while the .25M and .30M potatoes experienced a negative lose of mass.